Over the past decade, the population of the critically endangered Siberian crane has increased by nearly 50%, according to the International Crane Foundation.
The foundation said the boost in the snowy-white Siberian crane’s (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) numbers is the result of efforts to secure the migratory bird’s stopover sites along its eastern flyway, or migratory route, between Russia and China.
“It is a wonderful feeling to have this Critically Endangered species thriving with such a strong comeback from near extinction,” Rich Beilfuss, president and CEO of the International Crane Foundation, told Mongabay by email.
The Siberian crane, known for its extremely long and arduous annual journeys, is one of the world’s rarest cranes. It’s western and central populations, which once bred in western Russia, then migrated to parts of Central Asia and India, is nearly extinct today.
Most Siberian cranes that remain belong to the eastern population, which migrates between northeastern Russia and China. By 2012, researchers estimated there were around 3,500-4,000 individuals left in this eastern population.
The latest bird counts from Russia and China suggest their numbers have nearly doubled to 7,000 individuals, Beilfuss said.
The recovery of the eastern flyway is heartening, he added, because the western flyway of the species “was lost due to over-hunting and the entire population is now concentrated in this one eastern flyway between Russia and China.”
The eastern population, too, has declined in the past due to the loss and degradation of its summer breeding and wintering grounds, as well as its stopover wetland habitats. The habitat losses are driven largely by climate change and human activities like the construction of dams.
To help the Siberian cranes along this flyway, the International Crane Foundation, with support from the Disney Conservation Fund, has been working with organizations in Russia and China over the past decade to identify and secure the wetlands the bird relies on, Beilfuss said.
In China, for instance, the foundation has collaborated with local partners at Lake Poyang, which supports nearly the entire wintering population of Siberian cranes and several other threatened waterbirds. Beilfuss said they’re managing the lake system in a way that ensures enough feeding areas for the cranes. Additionally, the organizations have been raising awareness about the threatened status of the species along the flyway, including school curriculums about the crane.
The Disney funding ended in late 2024. However, the International Crane Foundation will continue to work on Lake Poyang, Beilfuss said. This includes focusing on “restoring the natural habitat for cranes and managing enough safe agricultural land as refugia, developing a water level control and vegetation restoration plan for two sub-lakes within Poyang, and strengthening community engagement to reduce disturbances to cranes,” he said. “Still much to do to keep this species thriving!”
Banner image of Siberian cranes at Lake Poyang in China by A Dim Light Chaser via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0).
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