Kenya: Ruto At Three – Lofty Promises, Fragile Gains and the Weight of Broken Pledges

When William Ruto rode to power in 2022, he promised a new dawn for the “hustlers” who had long felt neglected by successive governments. Three years on, his record is a mixed bag: bold achievements overshadowed by stubborn failures that threaten to define his presidency in ways he did not intend.

On the positive side, macroeconomic stabilisation has been no small feat. Inflation, which once threatened household stability, has been tamed, and foreign reserves have nearly doubled, reassuring…